Civil Rights Analysis in America - 1391 Words

Introduction America is one of the most respected countries in the world; because of its maintenance of peace and because of its history. Racism was however mostly practiced here (Skog 2011). Racism was between the blacks and the whites. The whites did not want to accept the fact that blacks can be as smart as they are. They did not want them in their country but mostly ruling in their country. Civil Right Analysis In the 1940s a research was conducted and the report proved that the white people did not value the blacks. They did not see the black Americans like one of them. The period of slavery had ended, but it was evident that among them slavery was still there in the sense that the whites did not welcome the blacks well. Even after the end of slavery in 1865, nothing was the same again. The blacks who were in America never felt as if they were home (Skog 2011). From politicians to neighbors, the Blacks could not go to the same school as the white; institutions owned by whites could not employ a black man. This is how discriminating America was back in 1940s. It is the work of the government to stop such things but the politicians were at the front line promoting this. The goals of the politicians were not to stop racism but to seek power that is why it took long for the whites to accept the blacks in their community. If they told their people to stop racism and accept the black because the y are human beings, they would. America was their country and they had no otherShow MoreRelatedThe White Race And Its Heroes1623 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Source Analysis: Cleaver, E. â€Å"The White Race and Its Heroes.† in Souls on Ice, 65-83. New York: Dell Press, 1968. Journalist, civil rights activist and criminal are some of the connotations attached to Eldridge Cleaver; a prominent figure of the radical shift in the civil rights movement during the 1960s and early 1970s. Cleaver spent a majority of his upbringing in youth reform schools and prisons within the state of California, which as evidence will show, affected greatly upon his workRead MoreA Sociological Look at the Feminist Movement the Civil Rights Movement1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Feminist Movement The Civil Rights Movement Lauren Greene SYG2000 Tuesday/Thursday 5:00 pm December 9, 2012 Social Movements Impact Western Culture For centuries, large groups of individuals have come together to oppose prevailing ideas, challenge conformity and promote great change in beliefs, government policy and overall social reform. Whether it is an instinctual component of human existence or a way of survival as learned from previous generations, social reformRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement By Charles W. Eagles780 Words   |  4 Pages Ten years after Fairclough article, another author continues the discussion of historians and their attempt to analysis the civil rights movement. Charles W. Eagles’ article â€Å"Toward New Histories of the Civil Rights Era† provides further supporting evidence that scholars fail to analyze the movement to its fullest potential. Eagles utilizes diplomatic historian John Lewis Gaddis analogy of historians studying the cold car. According to Gaddis, cold war scholars â€Å"reflected the contemporaneousRead MoreThe During The Civil War875 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades that proceeded before the Civil War had taken place, Americans witnessed an abundance of trial, error, and triumph during their attempt to revise the American society. Some of the main focal points of the remaking of our society would have been the Market Revolution, Urbanization, Abolition, States Rights and Westward Expansion. Without these contributing factors, our society may not have excelled in the ways that it did prior to the Civil War. (The Pre-Civil War Era (1815–1850). SparkNotesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Watsons Go At Birmingham Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesMy Project: Analysis of the film The Watsons Go to Birmingham 1. I will use the following course reading in my analysis: Wallace Thurman, â€Å"The Blacker the Berry†. 2. I will use the following lecture material in my analysis: lectures from section on race to be determined and the lecture on racial identity. 3. I will analyze my subject (The Watsons Go to Birmingham) from the perspective of: race. 4. I will need to do dependent research on the following subjects: history of the Civil Rights Movement emphasisRead MoreMartin Luther King Rhetorical Analysis806 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King’s Speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† Likita M. Taylor ITT-Tech English 1320: Composition I November 12 2012 Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King’s Speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† â€Å"I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.† These are the opening words of Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream speech†, which he predicted will be the foundation of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreConsequences of the American Civil Rights Act of 19641192 Words   |  5 Pages Observing half a century of an equality stimulating law: an economic review on the consequences of the American Civil Right act of 1964 Introduction The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted on July 2nd, 1964) is a milestone in the law history of the United States of America, which prohibited major forms of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment practices and public accommodations. In commemoration of the 50th anniversaryRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Robert Bellahs Civil Religion Essay example1088 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Civil Religion In America by Robert H. Bellah Robert N. Bellah Civil Religion In America was written in the winter of 1967 and is copyrighted by the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from the issue entitled religion in America. In his writings Bellah Explains the idea and workings of Civil Religion in the United States; this chapter was written for a Dà ¦dalus conference on American Religion in May 1966. It was reprinted with commentsRead MorePersuasive Speech895 Words   |  4 Pagesthese motivational individuals’ language and persuasion played a pivotal role within the civil rights movement, the movement that achieved the most important breakthrough in the equal rights legislation. We can observe this in the speakers’ rhetoric devices like ethos, logos and pathos. On the fiftieth anniversary of the events on â€Å"Bloody Sunday†, Obama gave a speech filled with encouraging words about how far America has come. Throughout his speech he included various pathos examples. Essentially, heRead MoreThe North And South Fought The Civil War811 Words   |  4 Pages Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information

The Relationship Between Language and Ethnic Identity a...

Name: Garfield The Relationship between Language and Ethnic Identity in China: A focus on the Tibetan Language To begin with, according to the background history of the Tibetan language, it is not mere a language like modern English with a wide extend of speakers who can comprehend each other easily depending on familiar vocabulary, grammar. As an old linguistic proverb states: â€Å"a dialect is a language without an army and a language is a dialect with an army, and Tibetan can be considered as a set of languages instead of dialects† (Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2003, p.5). In tradition, language represents the culture of each ethnic, and has a great effect on ethnic identity. If a language of one ethnic group is†¦show more content†¦The aim of bilingual education is weakening the impact of the Tibetan language on Tibet’s society instead of expanding the influence of Chinese. In Tibet, different people have different views on bilingual education. For young Tibetans, they benefit from bilingual education which offers chance for them to learn both Ch inese and the Tibetan language. Hence they will acquire a certain basic compression of both languages. After graduation, they may think Chinese is more useful because at this time, a lot of official documents, notices, and letters of certification are written in Chinese. Nevertheless, still a lot of Tibetans insist that teaching the Tibetan language must be strengthened in schools. Actually, culture, religion, economics, manufacturing abilities, and the natural environment are linked with the problem of keeping the Tibetan Language alive, which is complicated. Nevertheless, it is vital for a nation to maintain and cultivate its culture depending on language, especially Tibetan, through its cultural identity in China. School education cannot grow in a certain way unless solving the language dilemma.(Nima, 2008) The dilemma of the Tibetan language is that the rising of Chinese but the falling of Tibetan in society. Without doubt, Tibetan language is the ego of Tibet, without language they will lose their uniqueness and identity. Therefore, teaching and developing Tibetan language should be theShow MoreRelatedEssay about China and Tibet4535 Words   |  19 Pagesand The Anatomy of Compromise â€Å"The issue involved is the extinction of the people, the Tibetan People†¦No sir, what I have in mind is the extinction of the Tibetans as a distinct people, with its traditions, its own way of life and its own type of religion.† Tsiang, China’s Permanent UN Representative, 1953 â€Å"The Communist have, for the past 50 years, imposed their revolution upon unwilling Tibetan peasants and nomads, and have ruled Tibet by threat, or often the actual use, of force. ButRead More Ethnic Minority Education in China: Finding a Path between Tradition and Development3646 Words   |  15 PagesEthnic Minority Education in China: Finding a Path between Tradition and Development Introduction Educating a nation is no simple task. Even in the United States—which boasts a substantial tradition of public education, political stability, economic prosperity and a strong middle class—issues such gender and racial equality, diversity, and budget reality still cause continuous debate. For a nation like China, the task of educating its people is even more daunting. China has a populationRead MoreEssay about Ethnography: Ainu2155 Words   |  9 Pagesproviding financial support for the Ainu arts (Dab 10). 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School of Management Northwestern PolytechnicalRead MoreGlobal Cultural Analysis: China8072 Words   |  33 Pagessize†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..20 5.1.7 Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 Conclusion 21 Annotated bibliography 22 References 27 Abstract In this paper, I will focus on the cultural issues, which American investors wishing to venture into the Chinese market need to learn. It has been noted that different countries have different cultural backgrounds and organizations need to understand the culture, economy, andRead MoreWgu E-Business Expansion Proposal Essay13960 Words   |  56 PagesStrategically marketing and operating online 4. Provide direction on the strategic use of search engines 5. Counsel on social-media integration 6. Discuss online customer-relationship management 7. Provide e-commerce solutions 8. Review international considerations, including market strategy, organizational, language, cultural, and infrastructure 9. Offer projected Web-development and maintenance costs 10. Create a Web-site index, inclusive of all the aforementioned objectives. Read MoreA Study on Role of Advertisement in Promotion of Tourism in India15524 Words   |  63 Pagesor, * To  remind  customers about a destination or product, where it may be purchased or how it may be purchased (booked). * Good marketers see their business from the customer’s viewpoint and organize their entire enterprise to develop relationships with the customer based on trust. Marketing is the ability to develop a mix of marketing strategies to influence customers to buy products and services. 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Immigration to the United States and America Free Essays

Immigration Jennifer Lippert ENG/102 March 12, 2012 Dr. Kimberly Stanley In the United States of America, we live in a sea of opportunity. Many people come from other countries to live in America to explore those opportunities, but the laws governing immigration have failed to change with the ever-increasing immigrant population. We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration to the United States and America or any similar topic only for you Order Now We watch as Border States deal with the rising costs to support immigrants and wonder whether this was what the founding fathers had in mind when the first Immigration Laws were passed. We wonder about the effects on America’s economy as our immigrant population work in this country then send these U. S. dollars to their home country to support their families. We observe an ever-changing landscape continually affected by the legal and illegal immigrants who land in our great country. We contemplate whether America is the land of opportunity and the land of the free, or simply a place for immigrants to land and live for free. As citizens, it is not only our right, but also our duty, to question our leaders and our laws particularly when those laws no longer appear to fit America’s vision. Immigration laws have remained stagnant for far too long and, although immigrants were the founding fathers of our nation, it is time to examine America’s position before the social and economic costs become insurmountable. America’s founding fathers believed that immigration was necessary to increase the population of our country, but also believed that they must prove a loyalty only to America to become citizens. Beginning with George Washington, in the late eighteenth century, a statement was made that immigrants should be integrated into American life so that Fonte  Ã‚  (n. . ) â€Å"by an intermixture with our people, they, or their descendants, get assimilated to our customs, measures, laws: in a word soon become one people. â€Å"This then became a new basis for immigration. In this case, the term â€Å"assimilates† means to conform to a way of life. In a 1790 speech to Congress about immigration, James Madison argued that America should welcome those immigrants who could be incorporated into our society, but exclude those immigrants that could not readily assimilate. Thomas Jefferson was convinced that immigrants were not prepared for the new society America was building and thought the country should wait another 27 year before opening its shores. In fact, when addressing immigration in Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson wrote: Fonte  Ã‚  (n. d. ) They will bring with them the principles of the governments they leave, imbibed in their early youth; or, if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange for an unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop precisely at the point of temperate liberty. These principles, with their language, they will transmit to their children. In proportion to their numbers, they will share with us the legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and bias its direction, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent, distracted mass. In other words, by allowing a mass immigration into such a new society, America could be allowing the immigrant population to distort the principles established by our new laws and policies. To some degree, Alexander Hamilton echoed the thoughts of Thomas Jefferson, but his emphasis was on the threat to national safety. His concern was in granting citizenship to every immigrant upon arrival in the country. He believed that there should be some proof of allegiance to America before any rights were given to new immigrants. However, both Jefferson and Hamilton shared the same beliefs that immigrants should conform to the ways of America and leave their old government attachments behind. After much debate, it appeared that Jefferson and Hamilton could claim a small victory. The Naturalization Law of 1795 was passed, which required that before becoming American citizens, immigrants would have to â€Å"renounce under oath† all previous sovereign allegiances. This â€Å"renunciation clause† remains part of the naturalization law and part of the oath to the U. S. Constitution that all new citizens must take. (Fonte,  n. d. ). Changes in immigration laws over the past two centuries have certainly contributed to the overall rise in U. S. immigration statistics, but it would take almost a century before the first amendment to that law would take shape. The Naturalization Law of 1795 required five years of residence and a three-year waiting period before citizenship was granted. This allowed new immigrants the opportunity to assimilate and demonstrate allegiance to America. However, by 1868, with he end of the Civil War, the population was burgeoning with ex-slaves and their descendants who had been brought to this country without the rights of citizenship. In fact, in 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americas were not citizens and were not entitled to the rights and privileges of citizenship. In order to rectify the situati on, the Fourteenth amendment was passed which granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States of America. Interestingly enough, it would take another war and its devastation to bring about a new amendment to U. S. immigration law in 1921 with the Emergency Quota Act. Following World War I, the country faced widespread unemployment and an anti-immigration uprising. This Act limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter America from any country on an annual basis to three percent of the number of residents from that same country according to the 1910 census with the hope of maintaining the ethnic composition of America. While the quota system remained in effect until 1965, there was one additional revision to the Emergency Quota Act in 1952 with the Immigration Act of 1952, which revised the quotas and eliminated racial distinctions from immigration policy. National quotas were eventually abolished entirely in the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 at the height of the Civil Rights movement, changing the face of America, as it was then known. According to 2011 Census statistics, the U. S. immigrant population continues to change the face of America. Not only do non-whites account for ninety two percent of the U. S. population growth in the past ten years, but also forty million foreign-born individuals now reside in the United States, making up almost thirteen percent of our population. Most of this population lives in metropolitan areas rather than the suburbs, with estimates as high as fifty percent of the population in twenty-two large cities across America. In fact, nine metropolitan areas saw their immigrant population double in the last ten years, but the five cities with the largest immigrant populations (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and Houston) actually decreased their share of this part of the population over the last ten years dropping to a total of 38 percent of the population in 2010 compared to 43 percent in 2000. In some areas of the country, rapid growth in immigration population may create policy backlashes, which could ultimately threaten these places’ long-standing economic comfort. Given the current economic climate and high unemployment rates, do the most recent census figures show any relationship with rising immigration levels? The best available evidence suggests that neither legal nor unauthorized immigration is the cause of high unemployment, and that the higher wages and purchasing power which formerly unauthorized immigrants would enjoy were they to receive legal status would sustain new jobs (American Immigration Council,  2012). In order to make informed decisions regarding immigration reform, however, we cannot limit our assessment to the changing face of our nation; we must also examine the economic cost to the United States. Recent studies have shown that the United States spends $113 billion annually to support both legal and illegal immigrants, but much of the total U. S. burden is borne by only a few Border States. California, for example, reports spending close to ten billion dollars a year to support its immigration population, which now accounts for almost forty three percent of its total population. Texas reports spending $4. 5 to $6 billion per year sustaining its illegal immigrant population and Arizona drops $2. 7 billion on its immigrant population. While Border States would likely argue for more stringent laws to limit the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country in order to lessen their burden, there are also States that would argue against reform to the immigration system due to its projected adverse effect on their economy. For instance, Kansas has reported that it could possibly lose up to $57. 3 million in their income if stricter immigration laws come into affect. They claim that with change in immigration laws only comes a higher tax for their state. Kansas also claims that the State will lose millions of dollars in court costs alone if the law makes it difficult for immigrants to live and work in their State. As staggering as these numbers are, other studies show that immigrants have actually boosted the U. S. economy by bringing in $245 million to the gross domestic product. This estimate, however, is nothing compared to estimated wages of foreign employees working in the United States for less than one year which grew from $550 million in $1980 to $8. billion in 2003. These earnings, in turn, are partially returned to immigrant workers’ home countries to help support families in the form of remittances out of the United States. In fact, a study by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in 2003 reported that â€Å"a considerable share of all immigration is motivated at least in part by the opportunity to send home remittances. † Acco rding to the study, workers’ remittances from the United States went from $4. 1 billion in 1981 to $25. 5 billion in 2003. While these reported numbers sound staggering, remittances are not considered to have a negative impact on the U. S. economy. In fact, the study also notes that remittances exceed U. S. government provided development assistance to developing countries and may be partially responsible for keeping the cost of such assistance down. America is the land of opportunity. When we look at current immigration laws, our founding fathers’ vision for growth in this country remains intact. In fact, the ideas brought forth by Jefferson and Hamilton for allegiance to the country is still a part of the renunciation oath taken by all new citizens. By the numbers, there is evidence to support immigration reform and there is evidence that the influx of immigrants to the United States actually help our economy. Until the country can come together as a whole to fully support immigration reform, it is likely that it will take another catastrophic event to catapult immigration to the forefront of American policy reform. References Kerwin, D. (2011). Fixing Immigration. (cover story). America, 205(18), 12. Fonte, J. (n. d. ). To â€Å"Possess the National Consciousness of an American†. Retrieved from http://www. cis. org Frey, W. H. , Berube, A. , Singer, A. amp; Wilson, J. (2011, December). Five things the census revealed about America in 2011. State of Metropolitan America, 48, 3-4. Retrieved from http://www. brookings. edu Shackleton, R. , Palriwala, A. , amp; Gordon, A. (2005, May). Remittances: International Payments by Immigrants. The Congress of the United Stated congressional budget office. Retrieved from http://www. h sdl. org Bad for Business: How Anti-Immigrant Laws Can Hurt the Kansas Economy. (2011). Retrieved from http://immigrationpolicy. org American Immigration Council. (2012). Immigration Reform and Growth. Retrieved from http://immigrationpolicy. org How to cite Immigration to the United States and America, Papers

Distributive Behavioral Therapy Hypnotherapeutic Treatment

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Distributive Behavioral Therapy for Hypnotherapeutic Treatment. Answer: Case study 1- Hypnotherapeutic Treatment (DBT) for Anxiety This case study examines the use of distributive- behavioral technique (DBT) which is a type of hypno-therapeutic treatment in detail. Mrs. X, 60 years old woman has come for DBT treatment due to anxiety. This case study explains about the patients profile, history of the patient, coping skills and weaknesses, physical, emotional and sensory problems to determine and create the basic foundation for implementing best treatment modality (Defazio, 2010, p. 34- 47) by using an eclectic hypno-therapeutic method to treat anxiety disorders (Bogels, 2010, p. 168-189). The data obtained from Mrs. X based on the various sections of hypnosis will help to work towards achieving the positive and realistic goals (Robbins et al, 2009, p. 1163-1184). In this case study, an evaluation of the existing psychological- analytical issues related to anxiety of Mrs. X will be done and clear understanding of the social, cultural, economical, environmental and personal life aspects relating to anxiety of Mrs. X will be achieved. The aggravating factors for anxiety that has affected the daily activities of Mrs. X were discovered. Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment used to control anxiety that helps to align the hypno- cognitive and behavioral therapies. It aids in adjusting the un-wanted behavior as an appropriate interventional strategy (Green, 2014, p. 199-212). The sessions included in this case essay is based on evidence- related practice for managing Mrs. X by using DBT in treating her anxiety (Robbins, 2009, p.1163-1184). Background information In 2005, Ajzen states that an individuals behavior is affected by the factors that exert their effects on it. Therefore the background information is clearly discussed here. Mrs. X is a 60 year old woman lost her very caring husband six months before due to a road traffic accident in front of her. She has two sons and one daughter. Her elder son lives away from her in other city, who visits her once in a year and younger son lives in other country and rarely visits her. Her daughter, Karen visits her once in 2 months. She lives alone and feels isolated as no one is there to take care of her. She tends to forget even the basic life activities which makes her feel unworthy. She has lost all her confidence and feels isolated. Her husband was her best friend and she misses him very much. She has only 2 friends and will talk to them over phone rarely. Previously, she worked in a large organization in a managerial position and loves to work but she couldnt work because of her illness. She is unable to adapt and cope with the stress existing in her life. She expresses that she is not able to concentrate in her life activities. Mrs. X states that when she thinks about her life, she will start taking short- breath, shivering, sweating excessively, pounding heart beat, butterflies in stomach, heart-burn, flushed and feels nauseated to the point to vomit and as an impending doom (Beyondblue, n. d.). She expresses that she is burden to her family and world and wanted to commit suicide. Her neck becomes stiff and has pain in shoulders, back and neck. She always feels tensed and anxious unnecessarily. She has no goals in her life and is ready to die. She has sleeping disturbance and gets night- mares, panic attacks, jitters, wobby legs and feels exhausted, tired and unable to go for a walk like before (DSM-V, APA, 2013). Her heart rate: 86 beats/ mins, respiratory rate: 24 breaths/ min, blood pressure: 150/ 100 mm Hg is increased. She smokes cigarettes (5/day), drinks alcohol occasionally and uses cannabis regularly. She is a know case of diabetes, asthma and hypertension for past 20 years and is on drugs. Her mo ther was having anxiety and took anti- anxiety drugs. Problem Description Mrs. X shows behavioral symptoms as with-drawn features, avoids situations as consulting a doctor for health and forces to rituals to relieve anxiety. She is not assertive and avoids eye contact during conversation. She is unable to take decisions and startles frequently. She has physical symptoms as racing heart, shortness in breathing, vomits and regurgitates often. She complains of stomach pain and heart burn at times of anxiety. She guards neck, shoulder and jaw by expressing as pain (DSM-V, APA, 2013). She looks much tensed and is detached to her environment. She has difficulty in sleeping due to night mares. She has increased sweating, shivering and difficulty to concentrate. She has hot flushes and numbness with tingling sensation in both legs. She always feels light headed and faints. She expressed her altered thoughts as I am doing crazy things, I couldnt control my-self, I am going to die now, I wont live, others are always talking behind me, having terrible dreams, getting flashback of my husbands death, unable to stop worrying and unwanted thoughts. She has feelings of fear when seeing her husbands photos, hospitals and watching sensational scenes in television. She expresses that she has medical problem that is undiagnosed and worried about health condition. She is feeling dreadful and bad thing is going to happen. She is constantly tensed and nervous and has panic attacks that are un-controllable. Understanding of the problem Analyzing the history of Mrs. X, suggests that she demonstrates the features of anxiety disorders specifically generalized- anxiety disorder. The features of anxiety will be expressed for at least 6 months which is evident in the history of Mrs. X (DSM, V, APA, 2013). According to DSM criteria, the people with anxiety will be worried if they visualize or think about aggravating situation. She meets this criterion as she gets anxiety when thinks about her husband. She is unable to control her worries, physical symptoms, fatigue, difficult to concentrate, disturbance in sleep, tiredness as per DSM- V criteria. These features cause impairment in functioning and not meeting daily activities which is similar to X. She is a known case of performance anxiety which all suggests that X has anxiety disorder. Normally, anxiety occurs due to the arousal of the sympathetic- nervous system to trigger fight/ flight response and it is counteracted by the para-sympathetic nerves to restore homeostasi s and maintain equilibrium of a person when trigger is relieved (Gurgevich, 2016). If there is alteration in the serotonin synthesis, this nervous mechanism will be altered leading to continuous anxious state exhibiting its symptoms. Intervention Various psychotherapies should be given to X with anxiety as cognitive hypnotherapy, cognitive-behavior, inter-personal and cognitive-mindfulness therapy (beyondblue, n. d, 27). X should receive cognitive therapy to modify her feelings of anxiety, suicidal and negative thoughts by altered cognitive response (Segal, 2013, p. 12). She should be given with supportive therapies as reassurance, motivation to express her emotions, behavior training, relaxation techniques, etc. Individual and group therapies will help to divert her mind but engaging her in group therapy might be difficult (Fehr, 2016, p. 12). It could be overcome by promoting mutual relationship with the group members. Family therapy, behavior therapy with social- skills and assertiveness training should be given to overcome anxiety symptoms. Case study: 1 Cognitive-behavioral form of hypno-therapy (CBH) is the basis for modern hypno-therapy and hypno-psychotherapy.It is a type of hypnotherapy that combines the oldest concepts and techniques of hypnosis with modern theories of cognitive-behavioral science and cognitive behavioral technique.Hypno-therapy is useful in removing the disruptive thoughts (schemas), which is responsible for altered behavior and hence called as DBT (Bretherton, 2014). DBT helps to develop optimistic ideas, alleviate previous traumas, modify themselves and remove worst experiences (Walters, 1993. p. 37). At the beginning, the hypno-therapist and Mrs. X has to discuss and identify the negative schemas leading to challenging behaviors. This could be done by hypno-therapeutic sessions and/or talk- therapy (without hypnosis) (Bretherton, 2014). In this, the patient will be directed access to schema linked with this behavior. After identifying the negative schema, the therapist and patient will explore the causes of altered behavior as the nature of schema, thoughts associated with it, method of influence of schema on thoughts, emotional reward associated to supporting the schema to understand the associated components in schema (Bretherton, 2014). The advantages of this method is to relax and alert the patient, reduce distractions, eliminate negative thoughts, to get exact and clear answers and unfold the thoughts of the patient. After mapping the schema, the hypno-therapist will introduce suggestions to patients (hypnotized) and encouraging her to identify and trace out the schematic changes, which may lead to positive behaviors (Jensen et al, 2014). If a patient mentioned that only a depressed person will believe the thinking that has driven the schema, then a hypno-therapist may suggest the patient, which he/ she note for the way to gain happiness in his/ her life regularly. The hypno-therapist should confirm the altered schema by asking for yes response from the patient which is expected. DBT will aid to change the behavior within hypno-therapeutic context. The various steps of disruptive- behavioral technique are as follows. First step involves recognition of the behavioral pattern that aids to focus on it. Usually, the client himself will report to the therapist about their problems. But sometimes, the framed goal of therapy might not be adequate goal for inducing therapy. However, as with any hypnotherapy, the stated goal of therapy may not be the same as the actual goal. At times, the clients may request hypnosis for more concrete problem, which is limited/ differently considered than the real problem requiring assistance (Bretherton, 2014). Example: a patient with struggle in work and needs assistance for work stress might not understand that the work- behavior occurs due to the ignorance of other related issues, which might required to be solved well before those work- behaviors could be balanced. It is important to define the existing problem requiring solution appropriately. Because of this, the brain state could be noted clearly to have work- anxiety and appropriate measures could be taken. It has to be investigated before proceeding with hypnosis as it will reveal the importance of preparatory session of therapy that may help the patients to set goals for therapy in safest and non judgmental area. The next step involves discovering of main behavioral triggers. In this, the hypno-therapist and patient should work to-gather to find out the negative- schema that is linked with mal-adaptive behavior. Similar to cognitive- behavioral therapy (Cully et al, n. d.), DBT also involves identifying the framed problem clearly and circumstances under which it arises will give clue to solve the mal-adaptive behavior. It has to be done in trance- state in order to identify the structure as well as framing of schema. Many questions has to be asked to be address mal-adaptive behavior as the nature of schema, thoughts attached to that, context of schema, method by which the behavior is produced, type of event and environment that triggers the activation of schema and outcome of the mal-adaptive behavior that results due to schema. Body- talk is usually used in this session. Then appropriate aspect of the behavior and triggers should be identified (Bretherton, 2014). Understanding the clients language for key problems will ease the acceptance of schema. As it reduces the cortexs (frontal and parietal) involvement in understanding and processing the negative schema that is presented, will reduce the cognitive burden to ease the patient to think about the negative- schema, triggers and behavior. It benefits the therapists by helping to identify the patients primary (sensory and representational) system, and to frame the schema in the acceptable language. Due to this, the hypno-therapist will speak little to the frontal- cortex of the patient but more to the aspect of intuition. The next step is to identify the newer behavioral pattern to change the negative- scheman (Bretherton, 2014). The hypno-therapist and patient will work with mutual- trance to identify an acceptable behavior, which helps to redirect the beh avior response to any triggers making them to travel in a varied neural-pathway. The hypno-therapist will encourage the patient to identify the behavior that is plausible- response for a trigger, satisfies emotional needs and induces a varied behavior. Then, post- hypnotic suggestion will be embedded (Bretherton, 2014). In this, a good response to the triggers will be identified and the patient will be encouraged in adapting the newer behavior and remove the older schema. It is the most effective step. The final step involves helping patient to develop a newer behavior for daily life. Transcript of a section of therapy in general I want to spare 5 10 minutes to tell you about the approach. Generally, it is based on the observation of many people what our emotions feelings as well as behaviors in a specific situations follow from how we will think regarding these situations. My aim is to make you to understand as the way how you visualize the things especially important things in your life which is related to anxiety and to assist you to look at these behaviors objectively. We will try to analyze your behavior and modify it appropriately. Lets try to view the possibilities and change anxious feelings to help you to live a sound life. Outcomes The hypno-therapist will frame a post-therapy hypnotic suggestion with instructions what the behavior the patient will show after termination in the own language of the patient. It helps to accept, absorb and embed the newer behavior. It helps to transfer the older schema with a new behavior. It reinforces the neural pathways and develops stronger associations that are needed to change a behavior. The hypno-therapy session will help the patient to alter the older behavior, control the trigger and help the patient to develop newer behavior to adapt to the situations. It will help the patient to use the newer understanding to the world and control the triggering. Case study 2 Disruptive behavioral technique is best modality for anxiety in elderly people. The brain with anxious stimulation functions in a persistent highest state of alertness, which exhausts both brain and body. The amygdale, frontal- cortex as well as HPA will operate at a highest rate whereas the regulation of dopamine primes the negative valence attachment to experiences and there is an increased secretion of gluco-corticoids in the body (Bretherton, 2014). Based on the neurological aspect, the aim of the therapy lies in the restoration of normalized inhibition of HPA arising from hippo-campal region and to stop the feedback that arises from the frontal- cortex thus activating amygdale (Bretherton, 2014). It will also help to up-regulate serotonin, which helps to balance the activity of dopamine. As the deeper relaxation is already linked with hypnosis which is highly beneficent in interrupting anxiety cycle, the main aim with disruptive- behavioral therapy should be to change the respon se of the patient to the inducing triggers of anxiety and helps to distract and calm Mrs. X. The introduction of memories that relaxes Mrs. X will help to restore the hippo-campal areas inhibition and reinforcing the self-esteem behaviors, which will up-regulate the serotonin production will aid in anxiety relief. DBT is also used for lower self esteem in case of anxiety. Absence of self esteem will make an individual to become labile, highly stressed whereas good self esteem will enhance memory and cognitive- flexibility because regulated serotonin levels are extremely important for self-esteem (Bretherton, 2014). The lower self-esteem is connected with dis-regulation of orbito-frontal cortex as well as hippocampus. DBT helps to re-frame her helplessness as hypno-therapy is a plastic-state (Alladin, 2007). The lowered self-esteem with associated anxiety and depression lies in 4 perpetuating- schema as stable (cant be changed), global (linking to scenarios, events), internal (personal characteristics) and overwhelming (cant be controlled). Due to its neural plasticity, hypno-therapy is used to increase empathy (from mirror- neurons activity with attached support), relax, and reduce the involvement of ACC and stimulation of hippocampus with the sense of feeling good after an anxiety state. Moreover, DBT helps to destroy the older schema and replaces it with newer schema (Bretherton, 2014). It directs the neural pathway of Mrs. X to become anxious state to a newer neural pathway. DBT helps to relieve anxiety and low-esteem by introducing newer schema in many ways. It may help Mrs. X to recall her pleasant memories with husband and children as it will stimulate hippocampus that helps to destroy the negative schema and replace with constructive schema. It could be used in a traditional way to guide to explore better ways. DBT will help Mrs. X to identify the causes for anxiety behaviors and the ways to modify it. As DBT instills the newer behavior in the mind of Mrs. X, DBT is used for her. The study proposed by Raichle (2001) shows that hypnosis helps to make cognitive and behavioral modifications and reveals about differences in performance. DBT was selected for Mrs. X as she showed more behavioral features with feelings of with-drawn, isolated, no one is there to take care of her and avoiding behavior. DBT will aid her to replace her newer features with older pleasant memories by stimulating hippocampus. Further, she has no assertiveness and didnt keep eye contact while speaking and hence DBT is used to promote assertiveness (cognition). Posner (2007) states that hypnosis will guide to clearly understand the brain- systems and neural networks that arises due to the activation of specific part of brain through the analysis of cognition and emotion. So, DBT is used for X to understand her neural networks to re-direct it to newer pathway. As X is not performing her daily activities, DBT will help to understand the reason for it. Tang (2009) suggests that hypnotic state will help to maintain more connection of anterior-cingulate and para-sympathetic nerves which confirm that hypnosis is a best management method in anxiety relief. In 2009, Kounios states that hypnosis helps to identify the state of brain affecting in-sight achievement during problem- solving which confirm that DBT is best suited for X. The sensorial and sleep disturbances will affect the brain- state ultimately affecting the performance. Mrs. X with sleep disturbance will identified by hypnosis to improve her performance and relieve her physical symptoms. Anxiety varies based on the ageing of brain- networks and hypnosis will help to trace it accordingly (Kounios, 2009). Thus, DBT will help Mrs. X to relieve from behavioral symptoms which will in-turn relieves physical, emotional symptoms with oriented thought process. It will destroy her older behavior and introduce newer behavior. I thought that, DBT could be best used when a great inter- personal relationship is maintained with the client. Maintaining rapport will help to gain co-operation with anxiety patient and aid to improve concentration during the procedure. Gaining attention from anxiety patient is much difficult and hence rapport will gain attention from these patients. The conscious cognitive development of rapport will aid in the sub-versive un-conscious reaction for this therapy (Murdin Errington, 2005). The trust factor helps the patient to relax easily, pay attention and ventilate their positive and negative emotions freely. According to me, maintaining rapport is most important to practice DBT as it involves triggering the personal factors to analyze the source of anxiety. As a therapist, I have conducted the session only for 45 minutes which is adequate to gain attention and express her thoughts and behavior. I was able to collect both positive and negative behavior. I have maintained good rapport with eye contact. I have induced slowly with past memories. I have gathered all the triggering factors of her anxiety. First, I have started form herself from childhood, her parents, husband, children and her social relationship. I have asked about presenting symptoms and debilitating factors. From the conversation, I was able to understand that she is alone and feels isolated. I have analyzed that she is affected by her husbands memories who has passed away recently and no one to take care of her. She has expressed her feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, unwilling to live and unable to perform her basic activities. This helped me to help her to recollect positive memories with her husband and children and methods to overcome triggers. I hav e given 10 sessions individually 3 times in a week for 45 minutes. I have targeted on her attention, memory, self- esteem, working, concentration and self- control and suggested clues to modify it (Jensen, 2014). These all increased the efficacy of DBT. While using DBT, the clients should be made to re-call positive memories and lowered self-esteem. Ask like traditional form of cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), a guided exploration is needed in trance to help them to be aware of the methods to remove anxiety and lowered self- esteem. CBT with DBT will add values for the therapy as they involve both in modifying the behavior by destroying older behavior. The suggestions during hypnotic as well as post- hypnotic period could be used to guide patients with positive behaviors, which are triggered by certain events. Repeating and reinforcing the suggestions will activate the mirror neurons to conceptualize it efficiently. Repeated therapy sessions with introduction of various disruptions will down size the negative schema and maximize positive schema. Transcript of a session It is a most beautiful cold day with a lovely morning snow. You have stepped into a forest which is looks amazing with green trees.., blossoming flowers, birds, and walking through an oldest path of the forest towards the meadow. You are walking a long distance.. The meadow keeps stretching far into a great distance.. A slow and soft breeze waves your face, hair, cheeks.. you smell the sweet fragrance of a variety of colorful flowers which are bloomed.You see white color, red color, pink colored flowerswith butterflies sitting on the pollens.. sucks honeyhas multiple colors as greenish blue, violet.dark red antennae.. you have started to smile at your lipsone of the most beautiful butterfly..sits on your hands.you play with it..snow falls on your lips, face, hands.your lips looks as covered with the meadow you see around yousmall parrots.with light..greenish color..bright red.. beaks..flies in front of younear your facecircles you..sits on your shoulder.sees you..you smile at parrot parrot flies.and sits on a snow filed.tree.dark green trees..you love to sit at its branches..with flowers on it..you wanted to.pluck the flowers.as burden.in your life..keep burdens below.your feet..relax. again snow started falling.on you..you walk slowly..in the forest with meadowan orange flower..touches the legs.looks so lovely.you pickedup the flower.in your hand you smell it..smellsmell.relaxrelax..relax deeply.breathe deeply..relaxmove.out.your.. worries..relaxfrom.your.headbreath.deeply.relax your..face.nose..neck..shoulders..left.right.chest..your upper- backleft arm..right armabdomen..pelvic area..thighs.left.rightkneesleftright.. calvesfeet toesremove your worries.sufferings..fell.calm...relaxed..free of tensionsworries..sufferings..sun shine slowly on your back.you feel little warm..nicefeelings..you see a chimney..reddark redcolor.you walk..towardit..you seea terraceof a beautiful house..coveredwith snows.looks white.pure whitecoloryou see a chair..in front of it.black .colored..you siton it..think..about event..that makes.you feel anxious..tensed..send..thatevent.tothe.cloudsin.the sky.movingfastcarriesyour.your worries.sufferings.watchthe clouds..your worriesare movingits disappearing.disappearing.relax.relax..yourfeelingsof..feelings of. anxiousnessgone,disappearedyour are free from tension.free.your heart rate is regularrelaxed.see the snow.meltsslowly.as the sunshinesslowly on it..your anxiousness, worries..sufferings.meltsgradually meltsas ice. You see. a well you begin.. to walk. towards it ... walk closerand closer to its edge .....has 9 foot circles..leading to a ground..you kneel.downto look down.you feel cool breeze..keep coming from its bottom..smells as clean water you find stairs..in the inner wall of the well..you wanted to walk in the stairs..looks to have many stairs.like you with worries..many stepsyou wanted to walk through itlike you wanted to get rid of worriesanxiousness..you keep your right foot on the 1st stepyoulook there are 15 stepsyou look down..steps are.going deeper and deeper.. you seea clam..relaxed place..safe placefree form worriesyou step down.15.14 step.you place your right handon the rock walls..on the sides of the well.. rock walls with stonestoo soft to touch.too coldto touch.looks velvety.seems like old walls..you step into step 13you feel safe..you hold the walls nicely.you are excited to see the deep of the well.you step down one by oneto 12.you see you are nearing deep into the well..step 11.you gain confidencethat you can reach the well without sufferingsworrieslike you reach good outcomeafter sufferings in your life.you could see the inside of the well good than beforeyou step down to 10you are free from worries.you have left all your worriesyou are going to be free..from sufferingsyou step into987.you are closely nearing6..you are getting down..by holding the walls5..4.3you are too close to achieve your goal..2you are much excited..1yes only one step to reachto get rid of your worries and sufferings..then you step intothe bottom..you have achieved your goal.you see fresh smelling water.flows..flows.you see. water is flowing .to from a stream.You claim again into all the stepslike.you are destroying all the obstaclesyou are proceeding to leave all your worries..you have reached the top of the well. just then you see a stream of waterflowing streamrunning in between meadowwater if flowingrelaxrelax.let your worriesflow like a water..relax..water is runningyour worries are..running out from you.relaxits keep running..worries have goneit has completely gone..a boat comesnear you.small boat..no one is inside the boatyou tryto get into the boat.pull the boat..take yourright leg.keep it inside the boat.hold your hands properly on the boattake effortkeep leg inside the boat.you see a small benchyou siton it..very small bench..you paddle the boat..its moving..slowlyslowlyslowly.your anxiousness.sufferingsworries are moving out slowlyas the boat moves.your anxiousness.sufferings.moves out of youboat reaches...you are free from worries..slowly gaining consciousnessslowly open your eyes.. Research- academic articles- 1 Halsband et al (2009) has conducted a study on the plasticity changes in brain during both hypnosis and meditation. It states that hypnotic trance induction as modified states of consciousness that emphasize attention, concentration and the letting go of thoughts, but they differ in terms of sensory input, processing, memory, and the sense of time. Hypnosis is based on the suggestibility of a person. In this study, they have analyzed the shared as well as non shared neural- substrates by using electro-encephalography, positron- emission tomography and functional type of magnetic- resonance imaging (fMRI). They noted that there was most pronounced changes in EEG only during deep hypnosis rather than light hypnosis (step- by- step induction) which is similar to the hypno-therapy induction for anxiety. They found that meditation shows more pronounced alpha frequency waves at frontal areas especially in higher amplitudes whereas it is pronounced mostly in central and temporal areas durin g hypnosis. PET imagery suggest that, during hypnosis an increased activation in the cortex of occipital lobe cortex and pre- frontal regions were seen which implies that hypnosis is most useful to relive anxiety. Hypnosis improves the memory and performances which are needed for an anxiety person with increased shivering, sweating and poor concentration. The researchers suggests that hypnosis changes the effective connectivity relationship between fusi- form gyrus, anterior part of cingulated- cortex and intra- parietal sulcus areas which is useful to change the disruptive behavior of a person with anxious feelings. It suggests that hypnosis will help to modify the older neural pathway (showing feelings of anxiety) to a newer neural pathway that was introduced by the hypno- therapist (Bretherton, unit 6). This study gives a clear understanding of the neural pathways that underlies meditation and hypnosis. For an anxiety patient, hypnosis should be induced by the hypno-therapist by mutual trance induction to trace out both acceptable and un- acceptable behavior and the triggers of unacceptable behavior. It will definitely help to re-direct triggers of un- acceptable behavioral response to travel through a different neural pathway. Thus, hypnosis will help to identify the altered behavior, satisfy their emotional needs and induce a dif ferent behavior. The study findings suggest that, hypnosis will help to modify the features of anxiety with behavioral symptoms as withdrawn feature, avoiding triggering situations and physical symptoms as increased heart beat, shortness in breath, vomiting, etc. Further research is needed with large sample size to generalize the findings. The study findings help to treat anxiety through hypnosis by embedding the suggestions in the post hypnotic state (Bretherton, 2014). At this time, the better responses to a trigger will be noted and the client will be helped to move out the negative thoughts and to acquire new behavior. Hypno- therapy causes increased neural- plasticity, relaxation, increased feelings of empathy (which is from mirror- neuronal activity as well as an attachment- support), decreased stimulation of hippo-campus with increased feelings of well- being. Therefore, hypnosis is well suited to treat anxiety disorders and to replace triggers with sense of comfort, relaxed feeling with impro ved self esteem and self confidence. Research- academic articles- 2 Posneret al (2016) has studied about the relation between brain- states with hypnosis. This study has reviewed various research studies related to hypnosis. It states that hypnosis helps to understand the brain systems regarding hypnotic activities and neural networks arising from specific activations of brain based on the analysis of intellectual (cognitive) and emotional aspects is obtained by hypnosis (Posner et al, 2007). The study conducted by Raichle (2001) reveals that hypnosis helps to analyze the differences in performance of tasks. These findings suggest that hypnosis will be helpful to analyze various (cognitive and behavioral) aspects of anxiety. The study states that the brain state influences the psychological performance of a person that is related to his achievement. Hence hypnosis could be used to study the achievement of a person which is similar to anxiety person with poor achievement and performance (Raz et al, 2011). The hypnotic state maintains increased connect ivity of anterior- cingulate with para- sympathetic nerves (Tang, 2009) which proves that hypnosis is best management technique to relieve anxiety. It is evident from the above mentioned study by Halsband in 2009. The study by Kounios (2009) proposes that the brain- state affects the process of in-sight achieving at the time of problem solving. Even sensory and sleep deprivation will influence brain- states affecting ones performance. It suggests that hypnosis is needed to identify the brain- state affecting performance. The anxiety persons will have sleep disturbances and poor concentration affecting their performance. The control of cognitional and emotional response is based on brain- networks related to attention which may change with development that is related to parietal, frontal cortex and sub- cortical regions. It clearly states that sense of anxiety varies based on ageing of brain networks. The control systems during infancy are based on orientation to external- stimuli, w hich continues to adult stage and is dominated by an executive network that is controlled by a person's goal. So targeting control systems of infancy period will modify the anxiety behaviors. The transition in brain- control networks is based on the gene of a person as anxiety disorder is due to hereditary influence (Beyond blue, n. d.). Raz in 2005 has studied about the relation between COMT- gene and susceptibility for hypno-therapeutic suggestion. Many studies were conducted which shows that the variations in genetic make- up of the COMT- gene are highly related to the execution of attention, especially the ability of a person to solve the conflict. A longitudinal study also suggests that there is a great association between the changes in the COMT- gene with early development of a child and during 2 years old, this gene is found to be strongly related to a certain task (Voelker, 2009) that seems to include particularly the orientation network. These findings portrays that anxiety is mainly due to the genetic changes in COMT- gene and hypnosis is needed for these patients to gain attention and ability to solve problems. Personal reflection The present case of Mrs. X with anxiety disorder helps me to clearly understand about the type of history to be collected with previous medical history, family history, understanding the problems (physical, emotional, behavioral symptoms) and various interventions applicable for Mrs. X. It has helped me understand about Distributive- Behavioral Technique, its uses, process in anxiety and lower self esteem. I have learned about the steps of Distributive- behavioral technique and how to perform this technique in patients. I have also understood that it could be used for other disorders as depression, insomnia, etc for old age people. The article review of two articles portrayed the effect of hypnosis on brain state and brain- plasticity. I have learned about the technique of the therapy and how to get rid of anxious feelings for person. Overall, this case study helped me to conduct hypno-therapy treatment for persons with anxiety disorders. I am much confident in performing distributiv e- behavioral technique. Reference Ajzen I.Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior. England:Open University Press; 2005. 142 p. Alladin, Assen. Handbook of Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Depression: An evidence-based approach. 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